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Ambassador
College
Church History
Lecture 20
The History of Education
I. HISTORY:
A. Plato (c.300's B.C.).
1.
Lived in Athens.
2.
Plato's name wasn't always Plato; His name literally means, 'broad shoulders'.
3.
Established an academy.
a.
Co-educational
b.
Study methods: lecture, debate, and much memory work.
B. Dark Ages:
1. Repression of
Education.
2. Education only
within confines of the clergy.
C. Italy:
Pre-Renaissance.
1. Called
"Seat of Learning."
2. Small clusters
called 'Universities'.
3. Teacher called
'Master' - having mastered a subject.
4. Universities
were usually specialized into specific subjects.
5. Students formed
Universities:
a.
Students in charge
b.
They hired and fired the masters
c.
Masters were poorly paid, and aided their income through begging
d.
Garment was designed (cap and gown) for begging
6. All learning was
in the Latin language.
7. National
clusters of their own nationality were called colleges in the confines of the
university.
8. Universities
made up of these small clusters - colleges.
D. France (1200's)
1. French
established for the first time a University in Paris.
a.
Jealous of Italy
b.
Control now in hands of government instead of students.
c.
About 7,000 students
d.
Attracted best instructors and students
2. Sarbone -
Frenchman related to education.
a.
He sponsored students in France
b.
Section of the University dedicated to him
3. Students paid
their way through school.
a.
Through grants and aid
b.
Got sponsors
4. Abilard;
a.
Considered a heretic
b.
St. Thomas Quinas was on of his greatest students
5. Revolt at
University in Paris...
a.
All students expelled - had to go somewhere
b.
England establishes a University in Oxford
c.
History disputes which 1st - Cambridge or Oxford
E. Early - mid 1500's.
1. Henry VIII.
a.
Sought support from universities Oxford and Cambridge in favor of divorce
decrees
b.
All England becomes Protestant.
c.
Establishes New Church of England
2. Elizabeth I.
a.
Puritan college is established called “Emmanuel” by Sir Walter
b.
Queen against it persecutes
c.
Later moved to Holland and eventually to the New World
F. Early 1600's.
1. 132 Puritans go
to New World.
2. John Harvard
comes to America.
3. 1636 - People
saw need to establish school to train clergy.
a.
School of religious learning was established outside of Boston and was called
"the College"
b.
Harvard, at his death donated half his fortune to the Colledge
c.
Later changed name of the College to Harvard.
4. Harvard not
first college in New World:
a.
University of Mexico was earlier
b.
Also a French University in Canada predates Harvard